Factors
Quality · US equities

Quality Factor — US

Profitability, growth, safety, combined quality, history since 2003

product_id quality_factor_us · 4800+ stocks · daily refresh · since 2003-01-01 · 4 data columns · API/CSV

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Overview

Investors have been seeking out high-quality companies for decades. The high-quality companies provide persistent profitability, low leverage and high return. Empirical evidences laud the merits of a Quality investment approach. What is agreed: higher profitability, more stable income and cash flows, and a lack of excessive leverage are the marks of quality companies.

Quality has demonstrated the ability to reward long-term investors. Similarly Quality tends to lag during low-quality rallies - or when the lowest-quality stocks lead the market in a rebound.

Data Highlights

  • For low-risk and high return investors, the portfolios with the absolute highest of overall quality (in terms of profitability, growth, and safety) outperform the market both in regards to generating risk-adjusted and cumulative return.
  • Based on our research, stocks of the absolute highest quality in terms of profitability, growth, and safety are likely to outperform the market.
  • For timeliness, when looking at quality over time different sub-factors drove out-performance at different periods. When investors are bullish, there is a focus on growth. However during times of uncertainty, investors are more likely to focus on safety and reliable profits.

Performance

Statistics

MetricQ1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8Q9Q10SPY
CAGR10.13%9.40%9.21%8.95%9.85%9.66%10.29%10.63%11.18%11.79%9.37%
Cumulative Return889.32744.02710.67665.45830.66794.07924.261000.371139.921312.44678.46
Annual Volatility23.02%19.95%19.78%18.61%17.16%16.26%15.99%15.29%15.70%16.78%14.47%
Sharpe0.540.550.550.560.640.650.700.740.760.750.69
Calmar0.150.140.140.150.190.190.210.310.320.260.18
Max Drawdown-66.51%-64.82%-64.36%-59.91%-52.99%-51.24%-49.71%-34.49%-34.54%-46.15%-52.56%
Omega1.581.591.601.601.671.671.731.751.771.781.68
Sortino0.850.850.840.850.971.011.081.161.221.231.04
Skew-0.01-0.15-0.09-0.07-0.49-0.38-0.34-0.22-0.090.01-0.61
Kurtosis5.945.116.365.484.683.713.172.171.861.681.40
Tail1.361.050.951.181.101.121.191.091.091.120.99
Value At Risk-0.10-0.09-0.08-0.08-0.07-0.07-0.07-0.06-0.06-0.07-0.06
Alpha1.04%1.11%1.03%0.96%2.00%2.15%2.79%3.40%3.72%3.88%0.00%
Beta1.351.181.171.121.071.011.000.950.981.051.00

Data through 2026-10-26

Comparison

Statistics · Q1

MetricQuality ScoreQuality ProfitabilityQuality GrowthQuality Safety
CAGR10.13%10.61%9.07%8.28%
Cumulative Return889.32996.81686.18561.53
Annual Volatility23.02%22.63%21.61%20.68%
Sharpe0.540.560.510.49
Calmar0.150.180.150.12
Max Drawdown-66.51%-60.27%-58.53%-67.33%
Omega1.581.611.541.50
Sortino0.850.920.790.75
Skew-0.010.31-0.17-0.10
Kurtosis5.946.034.905.12
Tail1.361.241.121.11
Value At Risk-0.10-0.10-0.09-0.09
Alpha1.04%1.77%0.46%-0.04%
Beta1.351.301.271.22

Data through 2026-10-26

Data

Quality factors are available for all the tradable stock equities on the US stock exchanges, including major securities markets such as NYSE, Nasdaq and Dow Jones Industrial.

Coverage · top 10 sectors

SectorCountTypeStart date
Finance1,126Equities2003-01-01
Health Technology768Equities2003-01-01
Technology Services391Equities2003-01-01
Electronic Technology387Equities2003-01-01
Producer Manufacturing303Equities2003-01-01
Consumer Services280Equities2003-01-01
Non-Energy Minerals237Equities2003-01-01
Energy Minerals223Equities2003-01-01
Commercial Services220Equities2003-01-01
Industrial Services193Equities2003-01-01

Delivery & access

Quality factors are calculated daily for thousands of stocks.

This data is available via API and CSV download.

Sample data

Documentation

Approach

We used the generally accepted assumption of high quality companies:

High quality companies are effective at generating profits. They have strong profit margins and generate a high return on equity (ROE). Often, this profitability is a result of a specific competitive advantage.

High quality companies demonstrate a track record of consistent business performance. They have stable revenues, profits, and cash flows, and they consistently demonstrate growth throughout the economic cycle.

High quality companies have financial strength. They have strong balance sheets and ample liquidity and as a result, are generally less vulnerable during economic downturns as they are able to withstand adverse conditions.

Factors evaluated

The quality factor considers three sub factor groups: profit, growth, and safety:

Profit
  • ·Return on equity (ROE)
  • ·Return on assets (ROA)
  • ·Gross profits to assets
  • ·Cash flow to assets
  • ·Gross margin
  • ·Percentage of earnings composed of cash
Growth
  • ·The change in ROE over five years
  • ·The change in ROA over five years
  • ·The change in gross profit to assets over five years
  • ·The change in cash flow to assets over five years
  • ·The change in gross margin over five years
Safety
  • ·Total debt over assets
  • ·Market beta: a measure of a stock’s volatility relative to the market
  • ·Ohlson O-score
  • ·Altman Z-score
  • ·The standard deviation of quarterly ROE over the past five years

Methodology

We applied the aforementioned quality metrics to a universe of the largest 500 US equities by market capitalization and ranked each stock on its overall quality. We then divided the universe into 10 quantiles of stocks, with the top quantile (Q_10) representing the highest quality stocks and the bottom quantile (Q_1) representing the lowest quality stocks.

For a long strategy, the top quantiles (Q_8 - Q_10) are the most useful, while for a short strategy, the bottom quantiles (Q_1-Q_3) are the most useful.

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Disclaimer: The information provided here and on kavout.com is for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other sort of advice. Kavout makes no recommendations regarding investment decisions based on this information. You are solely responsible for your investments. Please conduct your own research and consult qualified financial advisors before investing. Past performance does not guarantee future results. © 2026 Kavout. All rights reserved.